What is a major consequence if obstructive sleep apnea is not treated in a patient?

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious condition characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, which can lead to significant health consequences if left untreated. One of the major consequences of untreated OSA is the increased risk of cardiovascular events.

This occurs because the repeated episodes of apnea can lead to intermittent hypoxia (reduced oxygen supply), which impacts the cardiovascular system. The condition can cause increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and stress on the heart, all of which contribute to a higher likelihood of developing serious cardiovascular issues such as heart attack, stroke, and arrhythmias.

Moreover, OSA is also associated with metabolic dysfunction and can lead to complications like insulin resistance, further exacerbating risks for heart disease and other cardiovascular problems. Therefore, addressing OSA is crucial not only for improving sleep quality but also for preventing potentially life-threatening cardiovascular conditions.

The other choices—improved sleep quality, decreased appetite, and higher energy levels—are not accurate consequences of untreated obstructive sleep apnea, as these aspects typically worsen rather than improve without treatment.