What adverse effect can sympathomimetic decongestants have on elderly patients?

Worsening existing urinary obstruction is a significant concern for elderly patients who use sympathomimetic decongestants. These medications work by stimulating adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction and a decrease in mucosal edema, which can effectively relieve nasal congestion. However, one of the effects of adrenergic stimulation can be increased tone in the smooth muscle of the urinary tract, which may exacerbate any pre-existing conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Elderly individuals often have complications such as urinary retention or obstruction, and the use of these decongestants can intensify these issues, leading to discomfort and potential urinary-related complications. Addressing urinary obstruction is particularly important in this population, as it can result in serious health risks, including urinary tract infections or renal failure if not effectively managed.

Other options might present risks associated with sympathomimetic decongestants, such as elevated blood pressure or cognitive effects, but they are not as directly relevant to the common physiological conditions faced by elderly patients as urinary obstruction is. Therefore, recognizing the potential for worsening urinary obstruction is crucial when considering the overall health management of older adults using these medications.