In which situation does the USPSTF recommend screening for latent tuberculosis infection?

The correct answer focuses on populations at increased risk for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) as recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). The rationale behind this recommendation is based on the understanding that not all individuals carry the same level of risk for contracting or harboring LTBI. Certain groups, such as individuals who have been in close contact with someone who has active TB, those with weakened immune systems, and specific demographic groups with higher prevalence rates, are more likely to benefit from screening.

Screening in these at-risk populations aims to identify individuals who may not show symptoms but could still develop active TB, allowing for early intervention and treatment. This proactive approach enhances public health efforts to manage and reduce the prevalence of tuberculosis within communities.

While screening all adults or focusing exclusively on pregnant women or children may seem comprehensive, these broad categorizations could lead to unnecessary testing among those with low risk, diverting resources and attention away from high-risk populations who would be most helped by targeted screening efforts.